Target Audience
Paramedics, EMT's, Firefighters, EMS/Fire Administrators, EMS Educators, Emergency
Nurses, First Responders and other Allied
Health Professionals.

Program Scope and Use
This program is designed to be a continuing education tool to help advanced providers enhance their knowledge with alternative options when involved in resuscitation efforts. It is not intended as the sole source of education for the new advanced provider. This lesson is self-study,
self-paced. When you complete a particular section, use the arrow buttons at the bottom of the page to go back or advance to the next slide.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
Describe the anatomy & physiology of the spinal column & cord.
Explain the spinal cord functions.
Explain the 3 mechanisms of injury that cause spinal cord trauma.
Relate the mechanism of injury to the potential for spinal trauma.
Describe the major causes of spinal trauma in adults & children.
Explain spinal & neurogenic shock.
Explain primary & secondary damage in spinal injury.
Explain the types of complete & incomplete spinal injuries.
Explain the 3 mechanisms of injury used to assess for spinal cord injury.
Perform a spinal pain & tenderness assessment.
Perform a motor function assessment of upper & lower extremities.
Perform a neurological sensory assessment.
Explain patient reliability as it relates to spinal trauma assessment.
Explain acute stress reaction as it relates to spinal injury assessment.
Explain brain injury, intoxication, distraction injury and communication problems
   relate to spinal injury assessment.
Explain/demonstrate the spinal injury assessment critical criteria algorithm.

Continuing Education Hours
One Hour

Course Fee
$10.00

Faculty
John Todaro, REMT-P, RN, TNS
Ivan Mustafa, REMT-P, RN, BSN

Disclosures
John Todaro, REMT-P, RN, TNS has no commercial affiliations to disclose.
Ivan Mustafa, REMT-P, RN, BSN has no commercial affiliations to disclose.

The Emergency Medicine Learning & Resource Center adheres to ACCME standards regarding industry support of continuing medical education, and the disclosure of faculty and commercial sponsor relationships (if any) will be made known during the educational activity. Faculty are expected to openly disclose inclusion of discussion on any off-label, experimental or investigative use of drugs, devices, or equipment or any commercial sponsorship relations in their presentations.

CE Participation Instructions
To participate in this program for CE credit, please review the objectives before beginning the program. Register above for the course whereby a link to the course, post-test and self-assessment survey will be provided via email. Take the course, complete and pass the post-test (70% minimum score) and then complete the self-assessment survey to receive CE credit. Your certificate will be emailed to the email address you provide during the course registration process.

Accreditation
Paramedics and EMT’s - This educational activity is approved by the Emergency Medicine Learning & Resource Center, an organization accredited by the Continuing Education Coordinating Board for Emergency Medical Services (CECBEMS) and the Florida Department of Health, Bureau of EMS. Participants that require additional approval should consult their local Medical Director or State EMS Office.

Nurses - Up to 1 nursing contact hour will be provided by the Emergency Medicine Learning & Resource Center (EMLRC). The EMLRC is approved as a provider of nursing education by the Florida Board of Nursing, Provider #2731.